The
President has vast powers and functions.However,these powers and functions are
actually exercised by the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers.
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| POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF PRESIDENT |
EXECUTIVE POWERS OF PRESIDENT
All
executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his name.
He
appoints the Prime Minister, and the other Ministers on the advice of the Prime
Minister.
He
can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of the SCs, the STs
and OBCs.
He
can appoint an inter-state council to promote centre-state and inter-state
co-operation.
He
directly administers the union territories through administrators appointed by
him.
He
can seek any information relating to the administration of affairs of the
Union,and proposals for legislation from the Prime Minister (Article 78).
LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF PRESIDENT
Article
79 says that the President is an integral part of the Parliament of India.In
this capacity,he enjoys the following legislative powers.
- He can summon or prorogue the
Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha. He can also summon joint sitting of
both the Houses of Parliament.
- He can address the Parliament
at the commencement of the first session after each general election and
the first session of each year.
- He nominates 12 members to
Rajya Sabha and 2 members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo-Indian
Community.
- President's prior recommendation
is needed to introduce certain types of bills,i.e., a bill involving
expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India,a bill for the alteration
of boundaries of the states or creation of new states.
- Each bill passed in Parliament
is sent to the President,He can give his assent to the bill or withhold
his assent to the same or return it for reconsideration of the
Parliament.The President has the option of veto with respect to the bills
passed by the Parliament. Vetos are absolute,suspensive and pocket vetos
(Article 111).
- Under Article 123,the President
can promulgate ordinances when both the Houses of Parliament are not in
session.The ordinance can be effective for a maximum period of 6 months
and 6 weeks, in case non-approval by the Parliament.
- He lays of the reports of
CAG,UPSC, Finance Commission and others before the Parliament.
FINANCIAL POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
Money
bill can be introduced in the Parliament only with prior recommendation of the
President.
Under
Article 112, he causes to be laid before the Parliament,the Annual Financial
Statement.
He
constitutes Finance Commission after every five year to recommend the
distribution of the taxes between the center and the states.
JUDICIAL POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
The
President appoints Chief Justice and the Judges of Supreme Court and High
Courts.
Under
Article 143,the President can seek advice from the Supreme Court on any
question of lower fact.
He
can grant pradon, reprieve,respite and remission of punishment,or suspend,remit
or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence.
DIPLOMATIC POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
All
kinds of international treaties and agreements are concluded on the behalf of
President.
He
represents India international forum and affairs and sends and receives diplomats
like ambassadors,high commissioners,etc.
MILITARY POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
The
President is the Supreme commander of the defense forces/arms forces of India.
The
President appoints Chief's of Army,Navy,Air Force.
The
President can declare war's and conclude peace.
EMERGENCY POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
The
Constitution of India confers extraordinary powers on the President to deal
with the Three type of emergencies-National Emergency (Article 352),
President's Rule (Article 356 and 365) and Financial Emergency (Article 360).
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