PART - IV (ARTICLE 36 TO 51)
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (DPSP)
The Directive Principles
of State Policy denote the ideals that the state should keep in mind while
formulating policies and enacting laws.These are constitutional instructions to
the state in legislative, executive and administrative matter.The Directive Principles
of State Policy have been adopted from the Constitution of Ireland.They are a unique blend of
Socialism,Gandhism, Liberalism and the ideals of the Indian National Movement.
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| DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY |
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES
Article 38
To promote the welfare
of the people by securing a social order permeated by social,economic and
political justice.
Article 39
To secure
The right to adequate
means of livelihood for all citizens.
The equitable
distribution of medical resources.
Equal pay for equal work
for men and women.
Opportunities for
healthy development for children etc.
Article 39A
To promote equal justice
and to provide free legal aid to the poor.
Article 41
To secure the right to
work,to education and to public assistance in certain cases.
Article 42
To make provisions for
just and humane aid for work and maternity relief.
Article 43
To secure a living wage,
a decent standard of life and social and cultural opportunities for all
workers.
Article 47
To raise the level of
nutrition and the standard of living of people and to improve public health.
GANDHIAN PRINCIPLES
Article 40
The establishment of
village panchayats, and endow them powerful enough to function as a unit of
self-government.
Article 43
To promote cottage
industries on an individual or co-operative basis in rural areas.
Article 46
To promote the
educational and economic interests of SCs, STs, and other weaker sections of
the society.
Article 47
To prohibit the
consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs.
Article 48
To prohibit the
slaughter of cows,calves and other cattle and to improve their breeds.
LIBERAL PRINCIPLES
Article 44
Uniform civil code for
the citizens.
Article 45
Provide early childhood
care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.
Article 48
To protect
monuments,places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are
declared to be of national importance.
Article 50
Separation of judiciary
from executive.
Article 51
To promote international
peace and amity.
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| DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY |
IMPLEMENTATION OF DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES
Since 1950,Center and
State Government have made several laws and formulated various programmes for
implementing the Directive Principles.
The Planning Commission
was set up in 1950 to aim at securing socio-economic justice and reducing
inequalities of income,status and opportunities.
All states have passed
land reform laws to bring changes in the agrarian society and abolished the
intermediaries like Zamindaris, jagirdaris, inamdaris etc.
The Minimum Wage Act
(1948), Labour Regulation and Abolition Act (1970), Child Labour Prohibition
and Regulation Act (1986), the Bonded Labour System, Abolition Act (1976) etc
have been passed to protect the interest of labour sections.
The Maternity Benefit
Act (1961) and Equal Remuneration Act (1976) have been made to protect the
interests of women workers.
To provide free and
competent legal aid to the poor and to organise lok adalats for promoting equal
justice,the Legal Service Authorities Act, 1987, has been passed.
Khadi and Village Industries
Board,National Small Scale Industries Board,Handloom Board, Handicraft
Board,Coir Board have been set up for the development of cottage industries in
the rural areas.
Several programmes have
been launched for raising the standard of living of people, i.e., Jawahar
Rozgar Yojana (1989), Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana ( 1999), Sampoorna
Grameen Roozgar Yojana (2001), National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme
(2006).
The Wildlife Protection
Act (1972),National Forest Policy (1986) have been enacted to aim at the
protection, conservation and development of forests.
The 73rd Amendment Act
(1992) has been enacted to introduced three-tier Panchayati Raj System.
Seats are reserved for
SCs,STs and other weaker sections (like OBCs) in educational institutions,
government services and representative bodies.
The Criminal Procedure
Code (1975) separated the judiciary from the executive in the public services
of the state.
The Ancient and
Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act (1951) has been
enacted to protect monuments, places and objects of national importance.
Primary health centers
and hospitals have been established throughout the country to improve the
public heath.There are laws to prohibit cow slaughter.
India has been following
the policy of non-alignment and Panchsheel to promote international peace and
security.Along with this,India is active member of UN and other related
institutions.
To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
To uphold and protect the sovereignty,unity and integrity of India.
To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India,transcending religious,linguistic and regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
To protect and improve the natural environment including forests,lakes,rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures.
To develop the scientific temper,humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
To safeguard public property and to adjure violence.
To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.
Every citizen 'who is a parent or a guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child or as the case may be ward between the age of six and fourteen years'.
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES (Article 51A)
Originally, the Constitutions didn't contain any Fundamental Duties Later in 1976, by the 42nd Amendment Act the Fundamental Duties of citizens were added in the Constitution.It contains duties of the Constitution.These duties are inspired by the Constitution of erstwhile USSR. None of the major democracies in the world has Fundamental Duties.According to Article 51A, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India.
To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions,the National Flag and the National Anthem.To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
To uphold and protect the sovereignty,unity and integrity of India.
To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India,transcending religious,linguistic and regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
To protect and improve the natural environment including forests,lakes,rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures.
To develop the scientific temper,humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
To safeguard public property and to adjure violence.
To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.
Every citizen 'who is a parent or a guardian, to provide opportunities for education to his child or as the case may be ward between the age of six and fourteen years'.
The 11th Fundamental Duties were added by 86th Constitution Amendment in 2002.
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