CHEMISTRY/MATTER/BOILING POINT/ELEMENTS/COMPOUNDS/MIXTURE ~ GENERAL STUDIES 4 U|FOR ALL COMPETITIVE EXAMS

CHEMISTRY/MATTER/BOILING POINT/ELEMENTS/COMPOUNDS/MIXTURE

MATTER

INTRODUCTION

Anything which has mass and occupies space is called matter.Matter is found in five physical states.Solid,Liquid,Gas,Plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate.Out of which former three are more common.
Solids Have a fixed shape,volume and high density.Solids neither flow and nor fill their container completely.
Liquids Have a fixed volume but no fixed shape and have moderate to high densities.Liquid do not fill their container completely and generally flow easily.
Gases Have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume,and have very low densities.Gases fill their container completely and flow easily.

BOILING POINT

Boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapour pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure.
Boiling point increase in the presence of impurity.
At high altitude,boiling point decrease because atmospheric pressure is low.Hence,food takes more time for cooking.

ELEMENTS

Science Elements Periodic Table

Elements are made up of only one kind of atoms (i.e., all having the same atomic number) e.g., diamond,sulphur(S8),ozone (O3) etc.
There are 118 atoms/elements known at present, out of which 92 occur in nature while the remaining 23 elements have been prepared artificially.

COMPOUNDS

Compounds are made up of two or more atoms combined in a fixed ratio. A compound cannot be separated into its components by physical methods.
The properties of a compound are entirely different from those of its constituent elements (atoms).
A compound has a fixed melting point,boiling point etc.
A compound is a homogeneous substance.

MIXTURE

Mixture of Elements and Compounds

A mixture is a substance made up of two or more elements or compounds,not chemically combined together in any ratio.
These can be separated into its constituents by the physical methods. A mixture does not have a fixed melting point,boiling point etc.,and shows the properties of its constituents.
A mixture does not have a definite formula.
There are two types of mixtures
Homogeneous mixture have uniform composition through out.e.g.,air,salt solution,sugar solution.
Heterogeneous mixture does not have uniform composition and properties through out e.g., oil and water ,sandy water,orange juice with pulp.